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The four phases of the menstrual cycle according to Chinese medicine

In Chinese medicine, there is an old adage that says: “Treating ten male diseases is easier than curing one woman.” It may sound a little strange, but the explanation is simple. With its unique reproductive system and constant fluctuations in hormone levels, the female body is much more complex and intricate than the male one.

For a therapist, however, this is an undeniable advantage. The female body offers them many more diagnostic signals than the male body.

Today, we will look at the female cycle a little differently – as a fascinating alternation of “four seasons” within the body. When you understand what is happening in each phase, you can support your body through diet, herbs, and lifestyle.

The cycle from the perspective of Western medicine and why it makes sense to know it

Western medicine describes the cycle through hormones, ovaries and the endometrium. TCM views it as the ebb and flow of Yin and Yang governed by the axis of the Kidneys (Shen), Heart (Xin), Liver (Gan) and the extraordinary vessels Chong Mai and Ren Mai. When you combine these two perspectives, a practical guide emerges: when to supplement, when to move, when to warm and when, above all, to reduce.

Western medicine usually divides the cycle into:

  • Follicular phase (from the 1st day of bleeding to ovulation): the follicle grows, the level of oestrogen rises and the uterine lining is restored.
  • Ovulation (a short window): a sharp rise in LH (LH surge) releases the egg.
  • Luteal phase (after ovulation until menstruation): the hormone progesterone (corpus luteum) dominates, the endometrium prepares for implantation; if this does not happen, hormonal support drops and bleeding occurs.

For practice, one thing is essential: basal body temperature (BBT). After ovulation, it typically rises by approximately 0.2–0.5 °C due to progesterone and remains elevated until menstruation. If this temperature increase does not occur, or is low or short, we gain a very useful diagnostic clue for differential diagnosis (both in TCM and in the Western view of luteal insufficiency / anovulation).

The cycle from the perspective of TCM - the cycle as "ebb and flow"

Chinese medicine states: the cycle is primarily governed by the Kidneys (Shen), their Yin and Yang, and the "ebb and flow" occurs via Chong Mai and Ren Mai. In this model, menstrual blood is closely linked to the essence Jing and Tian Gui (menstrual "heavenly dew").

Two transitions are important:

  • start of menstruation = maximum Yang → transition Yang → Yin
  • ovulation = maximum Yin → transition Yin → Yang

And from this follows an important recommendation that every woman should remember:

After menstruation, we replenish. Before menstruation, we relax and warm!

Phase 1: Menstruation (Winter and cleansing)

From the 1st day of bleeding (lasts approx. 3–7 days)

This phase is the beginning of everything. If the egg from the previous cycle was not fertilised, the uterine lining is shed. From the perspective of Chinese medicine, there is a movement of Qi and blood downwards. It is a phase of "releasing the old" so that the new can arrive.

What is happening in the body:

  • TCM: Yang drops to a minimum, Yin begins to be born. The free discharge of "old blood" is important.
  • Western medicine: Hormone levels (both oestrogen and progesterone) are low.

How you feel: You may be tired, withdrawn. It is an energetically demanding period; the body is cleansing itself.

Practical advice and therapy:

  • Rest: This is not the time to break records at the gym. Allow yourself some peace.
  • Warmth is essential: Keep yourself warm, especially your feet and lower abdomen. Cold in this phase can cause painful menstruation and blockages.
  • What to drink and eat: Warm drinks are ideal, for example, ginger tea. Avoid cold drinks and ice cream.
  • Herbs: If menstruation is painful (which indicates stagnation), we use herbs to move the blood (e.g., the mixture Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang - 019 Cold Earth).

Caution: If you are bleeding too heavily, we do not move the blood, but stop it (e.g., the mixture San Qi – 103 Panax or the mixture Qing Re Zhi Beng Tang – 100 Red Flower).

2. Phase: Follicular (Spring and growth)

After the end of menstruation (lasts approx. 7 days)

As soon as menstruation ends, spring arrives. It is a period of expansion, growth and new energy. Your body begins to "refuel" for the next cycle.

What is happening in the body:

  • TCM: At the beginning, there is the greatest deficiency of Yin and blood (because it left with menstruation), but the body begins to replenish it quickly. And it is good to support it in this.
  • Western medicine: The dominant follicle grows, oestrogen levels rise, and the uterine lining grows.

How you feel: A surge of energy, better mood. It is a period that favours creativity and social life. Women "bloom" in this phase and have the desire to start new projects.

Practical advice and therapy:

  • Replenish blood: This is the most important phase for nourishment. If you have a weak period, your hair is falling out or you are pale, you must "top up" your blood.
  • Diet: Strong broths (from marrow bones, or ideally from a black chicken (best for replenishing the Kidneys)). It is important to cook them for a long time at a lower temperature so that the essence is released.
  • Herbs and mushrooms:

- MyBlood: A special formula specifically for replenishing blood and Yin.
- Dried herb blend for blood support: a recipe of dried herbs for blood replenishment. You can make a decoction or add the herbs to a meat broth.
- Reishi: Nourishes the blood and calms the Shen spirit.

Phase 3: Ovulation (Summer and Heat)

Shorter phase in the middle of the cycle

This phase corresponds to summer. It is the peak, the turning point. Yin reaches its maximum and begins to transform into Yang.

What is happening in the body:

  • TCM: An egg is released from the ovaries. For this to happen, the Kidney Yang (fire) must be rapidly strengthened to ensure the transformation. Body temperature rises.
  • Western medicine: Ovulation. The release of an egg, which travels to the uterus.

How you feel: Mostly great. Libido is at its peak; a woman is at her most attractive and fertile.

Practical advice and therapy:

  • Heat in the "nursery": A Chinese maxim says that in the 2nd phase we were preparing the nursery for the baby (the lining, replenishing blood), and now in the 3rd phase, we must heat up the nursery.
  • Fertility: If you want to conceive, it is necessary to support Kidney Yang (so that there is no cold in the uterus). If you do not want to conceive, protect yourself the most during this phase – even though, paradoxically, the desire for sex is at its highest.
  • Observation: The increase in Yin manifests as fertile (egg-white) cervical mucus. If it is missing, it indicates a weakness of the Kidneys.

4. Phase: Premenstrual / Luteal (Autumn and stagnation)

The week before menstruation

Summer is ending, autumn is arriving. A time of harvest, but also a time when things can start to get stuck.

What is happening in the body:

  • TCM: Yang is at its peak. Blood begins to accumulate in the Chong Mai meridian for menstruation. This accumulation creates a natural blockage.
  • Western medicine: Progesterone levels rise. If fertilisation has not occurred, the body prepares for the shedding of the lining.

How you feel (PMS): If you have any hidden imbalances in your body (most commonly Liver stagnation due to stress and unsettled emotions), they will manifest fully in this phase. The natural blockage in the lower abdomen exacerbates the others. The result? PMS. Irritability, mood swings, breast tenderness, bloating, cravings for sweets. I often observe increased activity, typically cleaning tasks. A woman feels the need to 'clear the space', but is often irritable while doing so.

Practical advice and therapy:

  • Release emotions and the Liver: Stress makes everything worse in this phase.
  • Movement: Light exercise helps to move stagnant Qi (walking, yoga), but do not overdo it with extreme exertion.
  • Herbs for relaxation:

- Xiao Yao San - 001 Breaking the Shackles blend: The most commonly used blend for releasing Liver Qi and the psyche.
- MyStress: A modern blend for the somatisation of stress and the release of tension before menstruation.
- MycoSomat: Similar to the previous formula, this is a modern blend for the somatisation of stress and the release of tension before menstruation. It also contains herbs that clear heat from constraint (to be used for any signs of heat).

My tip for the conclusion - Basal body temperature chart

If you are dealing with cycle or fertility issues, I recommend tracking your basal temperature. For me as a therapist, it is a wonderful diagnostic tool. The curve on the graph beautifully shows the therapist how Yin and Yang alternate in your body, whether you have enough Yang to "heat up the room" during ovulation, or whether your follicular phase is sufficiently nourishing.

A therapist often applies a different method of treatment in each phase of the menstrual cycle. It is a demanding therapy, but the body responds better to it.

Dear women, listen to your body. It is not a machine that runs the same way all the time. It is a garden that changes with every season. And if you respect its cycles, it will reward you with health and mental well-being, or a long-awaited baby.

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